{"id":1095,"date":"2018-06-07T12:02:10","date_gmt":"2018-06-07T11:02:10","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.mub.eps.manchester.ac.uk\/science-engineering\/?p=1095"},"modified":"2023-06-21T09:28:17","modified_gmt":"2023-06-21T08:28:17","slug":"magma-crystallisation-provides-scientists-with-volcanic-crystal-ball","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.mub.eps.manchester.ac.uk\/science-engineering\/2018\/06\/07\/magma-crystallisation-provides-scientists-with-volcanic-crystal-ball\/","title":{"rendered":"Magma crystallisation provides scientists with volcanic crystal ball"},"content":{"rendered":"

Volcanos have been around since time on Earth began \u2013 and the devastation they can cause has hardly changed in the intervening 4.5 billion years. In the past month alone, untold damage has been wrought by volcanic eruptions \u2013 in Hawaii, Indonesia and Guatemala.<\/p>\n

Of course, it is not possible to prevent volcanoes from erupting \u2013 and it would be extremely dangerous if you did. Volcanoes are a natural pressure release for the planet. If they were all blocked up, that pressure would continue to mount \u2013 and it has to escape somehow. The day that Earth\u2019s volcanos \u2013 all 1,500 of them \u2013 fall silent, is the day the planet enters its death throes.<\/p>\n

It\u2019s also unrealistic to think that everyone living within the danger zone of a volcano \u2013 where they and their property are at risk should it erupt \u2013 should simply move. In fact, around one in 20 people live within this range of an active volcano.<\/p>\n

And there are actually many benefits to living close to a volcano. Volcanic eruptions are responsible for bringing many minerals to the Earth\u2019s surface. The soil around volcanoes is therefore highly fertile and good for crops.<\/p>\n

So if volcanic activity can\u2019t be stemmed and the people most at risk can\u2019t be permanently relocated, what can <\/em>be done to limit the devastation when a volcano erupts? Well, one way might be to predict more accurately the eruptions themselves, to allow for better disaster planning. So, how can this be done?<\/p>\n

Inside the volcano\"river<\/h2>\n

New research led by scientists at The University of Manchester may have brought us a step closer to the answer.<\/p>\n

Mike Burton, Professor of Volcanology at the School of Earth and Environmental Sciences<\/a>, worked with the team on a project studying the crystallisation processes that occur as magma makes its journey to the Earth\u2019s surface. Magma is the molten rock that lies under the Earth\u2019s crust. Once it erupts out, it is known as lava.<\/p>\n

As magma erupts, it starts to crystallise. Prof Burton explains: \u201cDuring eruptions, small crystals grow within magma and lava, and these can greatly change the way in which the magma flows: more crystals means that the eruption slows down, fewer crystals means the eruption speeds up.\u201d<\/p>\n

Due to the very nature of a volcanic eruption, the pressure and composition of the magma is in a state of flux, which makes studying this crystallisation difficult (not to mention the deadly risk of being close to an active volcano when it erupts). For this reason, models allow scientists to study crystallisation in magma in a safe environment. However, it has not previously been possible to watch the crystallisation process as it happens in real time, as the action has all been contained within a closed vessel that has to be cooled quickly before scientists can see the results.<\/p>\n

Prof Burton\u2019s team have now successfully conducted the first in situ 3D time-dependent observations of crystal nucleation and growth kinetics in a natural magma, with the results published in Nature Scientific reports<\/a>. He says: \u201cWe set up a sample from a real eruption in a high temperature cell, and then performed X-ray CAT scans as we controlled the temperature of the magma. This allowed us to visualise the formation and growth of crystals, and measure how quickly they grow.<\/p>\n

\u201cThese experiments produce data that we can use in numerical models to more accurately forecast the behaviour of volcanic eruptions.\u201d Prof Burton goes on to explain how the team\u2019s approach is \u201crevolutionary\u201d compared to previous experiments: \u201cThe novelty of our approach is that we can watch the crystals grow in 3D in real-time, and this opens an entirely new frontier in the study of magma crystallisation.\u201d The new method lets the team collect hundreds of 3D images from just one experiment, allowing them to fully characterise the behaviour of magma during the crystallisation phase.<\/p>\n

Disaster planning<\/h2>\n

\"volcano,<\/p>\n

Armed with this new data, scientists will be able to develop the models that allow them to predict more accurately how lava will behave after a volcanic eruption. This could help with the delivery of better-informed disaster planning.<\/p>\n

And Prof Burton believes that there are more potential applications of the approach, including mineral extraction and geological approaches. \u201cWe are very excited about the prospect of extending our studies to high pressures, which we will be doing in further experiments in 2018,\u201d he concludes.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Words \u2013 Hayley Cox<\/em><\/p>\n

Images \u2013 <\/em><\/p>\n

The University of Manchester<\/em><\/p>\n

Ben Britten<\/a><\/em><\/p>\n

John Cooke<\/a><\/em><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Volcanos have been around since time on Earth began \u2013 and the devastation they can cause has hardly changed in the intervening 4.5 billion years. In the past month alone, untold damage has been wrought by volcanic eruptions \u2013 in Hawaii, Indonesia and Guatemala. Of course, it is not possible to prevent volcanoes from erupting […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":160,"featured_media":1099,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_genesis_hide_title":false,"_genesis_hide_breadcrumbs":false,"_genesis_hide_singular_image":false,"_genesis_hide_footer_widgets":false,"_genesis_custom_body_class":"","_genesis_custom_post_class":"","_genesis_layout":"","jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_publicize_message":"","jetpack_publicize_feature_enabled":true,"jetpack_social_post_already_shared":true,"jetpack_social_options":{"image_generator_settings":{"template":"highway","default_image_id":0,"font":"","enabled":false},"version":2}},"categories":[210,211],"tags":[148,147,150,215,122,149,145,146,144],"class_list":{"0":"post-1095","1":"post","2":"type-post","3":"status-publish","4":"format-standard","5":"has-post-thumbnail","7":"category-departments","8":"category-research-impact-and-institutes","9":"tag-crystallisation","10":"tag-crystals","11":"tag-disaster-planning","12":"tag-earth-and-environmental-sciences","13":"tag-earth-science","14":"tag-geology","15":"tag-lava","16":"tag-models","17":"tag-volcano","18":"entry"},"yoast_head":"\nMagma crystallisation provides scientists with volcanic crystal ball - Science and Engineering<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.mub.eps.manchester.ac.uk\/science-engineering\/2018\/06\/07\/magma-crystallisation-provides-scientists-with-volcanic-crystal-ball\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_GB\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Magma crystallisation provides scientists with volcanic crystal ball - Science and Engineering\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Volcanos have been around since time on Earth began \u2013 and the devastation they can cause has hardly changed in the intervening 4.5 billion years. In the past month alone, untold damage has been wrought by volcanic eruptions \u2013 in Hawaii, Indonesia and Guatemala. Of course, it is not possible to prevent volcanoes from erupting […]\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/www.mub.eps.manchester.ac.uk\/science-engineering\/2018\/06\/07\/magma-crystallisation-provides-scientists-with-volcanic-crystal-ball\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Science and Engineering\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2018-06-07T11:02:10+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2023-06-21T08:28:17+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/www.mub.eps.manchester.ac.uk\/science-engineering\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/59\/2018\/06\/Volcano-header.jpg\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"942\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"308\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image\/jpeg\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"Hayley\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Written by\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"Hayley\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Estimated reading time\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"4 minutes\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\\\/\\\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"Article\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.mub.eps.manchester.ac.uk\\\/science-engineering\\\/2018\\\/06\\\/07\\\/magma-crystallisation-provides-scientists-with-volcanic-crystal-ball\\\/#article\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.mub.eps.manchester.ac.uk\\\/science-engineering\\\/2018\\\/06\\\/07\\\/magma-crystallisation-provides-scientists-with-volcanic-crystal-ball\\\/\"},\"author\":{\"name\":\"Hayley\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.mub.eps.manchester.ac.uk\\\/science-engineering\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/person\\\/693c22478ea174eee97a9f5da4117419\"},\"headline\":\"Magma crystallisation provides scientists with volcanic crystal ball\",\"datePublished\":\"2018-06-07T11:02:10+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2023-06-21T08:28:17+00:00\",\"mainEntityOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.mub.eps.manchester.ac.uk\\\/science-engineering\\\/2018\\\/06\\\/07\\\/magma-crystallisation-provides-scientists-with-volcanic-crystal-ball\\\/\"},\"wordCount\":750,\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.mub.eps.manchester.ac.uk\\\/science-engineering\\\/#organization\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.mub.eps.manchester.ac.uk\\\/science-engineering\\\/2018\\\/06\\\/07\\\/magma-crystallisation-provides-scientists-with-volcanic-crystal-ball\\\/#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.mub.eps.manchester.ac.uk\\\/science-engineering\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/sites\\\/59\\\/2018\\\/06\\\/Volcano-header.jpg\",\"keywords\":[\"crystallisation\",\"crystals\",\"disaster planning\",\"Earth and Environmental Sciences\",\"earth science\",\"geology\",\"lava\",\"models\",\"volcano\"],\"articleSection\":[\"Departments\",\"Research impact and institutes\"],\"inLanguage\":\"en-GB\"},{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.mub.eps.manchester.ac.uk\\\/science-engineering\\\/2018\\\/06\\\/07\\\/magma-crystallisation-provides-scientists-with-volcanic-crystal-ball\\\/\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.mub.eps.manchester.ac.uk\\\/science-engineering\\\/2018\\\/06\\\/07\\\/magma-crystallisation-provides-scientists-with-volcanic-crystal-ball\\\/\",\"name\":\"Magma crystallisation provides scientists with volcanic crystal ball - Science and Engineering\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.mub.eps.manchester.ac.uk\\\/science-engineering\\\/#website\"},\"primaryImageOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.mub.eps.manchester.ac.uk\\\/science-engineering\\\/2018\\\/06\\\/07\\\/magma-crystallisation-provides-scientists-with-volcanic-crystal-ball\\\/#primaryimage\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.mub.eps.manchester.ac.uk\\\/science-engineering\\\/2018\\\/06\\\/07\\\/magma-crystallisation-provides-scientists-with-volcanic-crystal-ball\\\/#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.mub.eps.manchester.ac.uk\\\/science-engineering\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/sites\\\/59\\\/2018\\\/06\\\/Volcano-header.jpg\",\"datePublished\":\"2018-06-07T11:02:10+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2023-06-21T08:28:17+00:00\",\"breadcrumb\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.mub.eps.manchester.ac.uk\\\/science-engineering\\\/2018\\\/06\\\/07\\\/magma-crystallisation-provides-scientists-with-volcanic-crystal-ball\\\/#breadcrumb\"},\"inLanguage\":\"en-GB\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"ReadAction\",\"target\":[\"https:\\\/\\\/www.mub.eps.manchester.ac.uk\\\/science-engineering\\\/2018\\\/06\\\/07\\\/magma-crystallisation-provides-scientists-with-volcanic-crystal-ball\\\/\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"en-GB\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.mub.eps.manchester.ac.uk\\\/science-engineering\\\/2018\\\/06\\\/07\\\/magma-crystallisation-provides-scientists-with-volcanic-crystal-ball\\\/#primaryimage\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.mub.eps.manchester.ac.uk\\\/science-engineering\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/sites\\\/59\\\/2018\\\/06\\\/Volcano-header.jpg\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.mub.eps.manchester.ac.uk\\\/science-engineering\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/sites\\\/59\\\/2018\\\/06\\\/Volcano-header.jpg\",\"width\":942,\"height\":308,\"caption\":\"volcano, the university of manchester\"},{\"@type\":\"BreadcrumbList\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.mub.eps.manchester.ac.uk\\\/science-engineering\\\/2018\\\/06\\\/07\\\/magma-crystallisation-provides-scientists-with-volcanic-crystal-ball\\\/#breadcrumb\",\"itemListElement\":[{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":1,\"name\":\"Home\",\"item\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.mub.eps.manchester.ac.uk\\\/science-engineering\\\/\"},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":2,\"name\":\"Magma crystallisation provides scientists with volcanic crystal ball\"}]},{\"@type\":\"WebSite\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.mub.eps.manchester.ac.uk\\\/science-engineering\\\/#website\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.mub.eps.manchester.ac.uk\\\/science-engineering\\\/\",\"name\":\"Science and Engineering\",\"description\":\"\",\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.mub.eps.manchester.ac.uk\\\/science-engineering\\\/#organization\"},\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"SearchAction\",\"target\":{\"@type\":\"EntryPoint\",\"urlTemplate\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.mub.eps.manchester.ac.uk\\\/science-engineering\\\/?s={search_term_string}\"},\"query-input\":{\"@type\":\"PropertyValueSpecification\",\"valueRequired\":true,\"valueName\":\"search_term_string\"}}],\"inLanguage\":\"en-GB\"},{\"@type\":\"Organization\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.mub.eps.manchester.ac.uk\\\/science-engineering\\\/#organization\",\"name\":\"Science and Engineering\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.mub.eps.manchester.ac.uk\\\/science-engineering\\\/\",\"logo\":{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"en-GB\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.mub.eps.manchester.ac.uk\\\/science-engineering\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/logo\\\/image\\\/\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.mub.eps.manchester.ac.uk\\\/science-engineering\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/sites\\\/59\\\/2018\\\/11\\\/logo-university-of-manchester.png\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.mub.eps.manchester.ac.uk\\\/science-engineering\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/sites\\\/59\\\/2018\\\/11\\\/logo-university-of-manchester.png\",\"width\":206,\"height\":86,\"caption\":\"Science and Engineering\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.mub.eps.manchester.ac.uk\\\/science-engineering\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/logo\\\/image\\\/\"}},{\"@type\":\"Person\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.mub.eps.manchester.ac.uk\\\/science-engineering\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/person\\\/693c22478ea174eee97a9f5da4117419\",\"name\":\"Hayley\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.mub.eps.manchester.ac.uk\\\/science-engineering\\\/author\\\/hayleycox\\\/\"}]}<\/script>\n<!-- \/ Yoast SEO plugin. -->","yoast_head_json":{"title":"Magma crystallisation provides scientists with volcanic crystal ball - Science and Engineering","robots":{"index":"index","follow":"follow","max-snippet":"max-snippet:-1","max-image-preview":"max-image-preview:large","max-video-preview":"max-video-preview:-1"},"canonical":"https:\/\/www.mub.eps.manchester.ac.uk\/science-engineering\/2018\/06\/07\/magma-crystallisation-provides-scientists-with-volcanic-crystal-ball\/","og_locale":"en_GB","og_type":"article","og_title":"Magma crystallisation provides scientists with volcanic crystal ball - Science and Engineering","og_description":"Volcanos have been around since time on Earth began \u2013 and the devastation they can cause has hardly changed in the intervening 4.5 billion years. In the past month alone, untold damage has been wrought by volcanic eruptions \u2013 in Hawaii, Indonesia and Guatemala. Of course, it is not possible to prevent volcanoes from erupting […]","og_url":"https:\/\/www.mub.eps.manchester.ac.uk\/science-engineering\/2018\/06\/07\/magma-crystallisation-provides-scientists-with-volcanic-crystal-ball\/","og_site_name":"Science and Engineering","article_published_time":"2018-06-07T11:02:10+00:00","article_modified_time":"2023-06-21T08:28:17+00:00","og_image":[{"width":942,"height":308,"url":"https:\/\/www.mub.eps.manchester.ac.uk\/science-engineering\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/59\/2018\/06\/Volcano-header.jpg","type":"image\/jpeg"}],"author":"Hayley","twitter_card":"summary_large_image","twitter_misc":{"Written by":"Hayley","Estimated reading time":"4 minutes"},"schema":{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@graph":[{"@type":"Article","@id":"https:\/\/www.mub.eps.manchester.ac.uk\/science-engineering\/2018\/06\/07\/magma-crystallisation-provides-scientists-with-volcanic-crystal-ball\/#article","isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.mub.eps.manchester.ac.uk\/science-engineering\/2018\/06\/07\/magma-crystallisation-provides-scientists-with-volcanic-crystal-ball\/"},"author":{"name":"Hayley","@id":"https:\/\/www.mub.eps.manchester.ac.uk\/science-engineering\/#\/schema\/person\/693c22478ea174eee97a9f5da4117419"},"headline":"Magma crystallisation provides scientists with volcanic crystal ball","datePublished":"2018-06-07T11:02:10+00:00","dateModified":"2023-06-21T08:28:17+00:00","mainEntityOfPage":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.mub.eps.manchester.ac.uk\/science-engineering\/2018\/06\/07\/magma-crystallisation-provides-scientists-with-volcanic-crystal-ball\/"},"wordCount":750,"publisher":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.mub.eps.manchester.ac.uk\/science-engineering\/#organization"},"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.mub.eps.manchester.ac.uk\/science-engineering\/2018\/06\/07\/magma-crystallisation-provides-scientists-with-volcanic-crystal-ball\/#primaryimage"},"thumbnailUrl":"https:\/\/www.mub.eps.manchester.ac.uk\/science-engineering\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/59\/2018\/06\/Volcano-header.jpg","keywords":["crystallisation","crystals","disaster planning","Earth and Environmental Sciences","earth science","geology","lava","models","volcano"],"articleSection":["Departments","Research impact and institutes"],"inLanguage":"en-GB"},{"@type":"WebPage","@id":"https:\/\/www.mub.eps.manchester.ac.uk\/science-engineering\/2018\/06\/07\/magma-crystallisation-provides-scientists-with-volcanic-crystal-ball\/","url":"https:\/\/www.mub.eps.manchester.ac.uk\/science-engineering\/2018\/06\/07\/magma-crystallisation-provides-scientists-with-volcanic-crystal-ball\/","name":"Magma crystallisation provides scientists with volcanic crystal ball - Science and Engineering","isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.mub.eps.manchester.ac.uk\/science-engineering\/#website"},"primaryImageOfPage":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.mub.eps.manchester.ac.uk\/science-engineering\/2018\/06\/07\/magma-crystallisation-provides-scientists-with-volcanic-crystal-ball\/#primaryimage"},"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.mub.eps.manchester.ac.uk\/science-engineering\/2018\/06\/07\/magma-crystallisation-provides-scientists-with-volcanic-crystal-ball\/#primaryimage"},"thumbnailUrl":"https:\/\/www.mub.eps.manchester.ac.uk\/science-engineering\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/59\/2018\/06\/Volcano-header.jpg","datePublished":"2018-06-07T11:02:10+00:00","dateModified":"2023-06-21T08:28:17+00:00","breadcrumb":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.mub.eps.manchester.ac.uk\/science-engineering\/2018\/06\/07\/magma-crystallisation-provides-scientists-with-volcanic-crystal-ball\/#breadcrumb"},"inLanguage":"en-GB","potentialAction":[{"@type":"ReadAction","target":["https:\/\/www.mub.eps.manchester.ac.uk\/science-engineering\/2018\/06\/07\/magma-crystallisation-provides-scientists-with-volcanic-crystal-ball\/"]}]},{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"en-GB","@id":"https:\/\/www.mub.eps.manchester.ac.uk\/science-engineering\/2018\/06\/07\/magma-crystallisation-provides-scientists-with-volcanic-crystal-ball\/#primaryimage","url":"https:\/\/www.mub.eps.manchester.ac.uk\/science-engineering\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/59\/2018\/06\/Volcano-header.jpg","contentUrl":"https:\/\/www.mub.eps.manchester.ac.uk\/science-engineering\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/59\/2018\/06\/Volcano-header.jpg","width":942,"height":308,"caption":"volcano, the university of manchester"},{"@type":"BreadcrumbList","@id":"https:\/\/www.mub.eps.manchester.ac.uk\/science-engineering\/2018\/06\/07\/magma-crystallisation-provides-scientists-with-volcanic-crystal-ball\/#breadcrumb","itemListElement":[{"@type":"ListItem","position":1,"name":"Home","item":"https:\/\/www.mub.eps.manchester.ac.uk\/science-engineering\/"},{"@type":"ListItem","position":2,"name":"Magma crystallisation provides scientists with volcanic crystal ball"}]},{"@type":"WebSite","@id":"https:\/\/www.mub.eps.manchester.ac.uk\/science-engineering\/#website","url":"https:\/\/www.mub.eps.manchester.ac.uk\/science-engineering\/","name":"Science and Engineering","description":"","publisher":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.mub.eps.manchester.ac.uk\/science-engineering\/#organization"},"potentialAction":[{"@type":"SearchAction","target":{"@type":"EntryPoint","urlTemplate":"https:\/\/www.mub.eps.manchester.ac.uk\/science-engineering\/?s={search_term_string}"},"query-input":{"@type":"PropertyValueSpecification","valueRequired":true,"valueName":"search_term_string"}}],"inLanguage":"en-GB"},{"@type":"Organization","@id":"https:\/\/www.mub.eps.manchester.ac.uk\/science-engineering\/#organization","name":"Science and Engineering","url":"https:\/\/www.mub.eps.manchester.ac.uk\/science-engineering\/","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"en-GB","@id":"https:\/\/www.mub.eps.manchester.ac.uk\/science-engineering\/#\/schema\/logo\/image\/","url":"https:\/\/www.mub.eps.manchester.ac.uk\/science-engineering\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/59\/2018\/11\/logo-university-of-manchester.png","contentUrl":"https:\/\/www.mub.eps.manchester.ac.uk\/science-engineering\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/59\/2018\/11\/logo-university-of-manchester.png","width":206,"height":86,"caption":"Science and Engineering"},"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.mub.eps.manchester.ac.uk\/science-engineering\/#\/schema\/logo\/image\/"}},{"@type":"Person","@id":"https:\/\/www.mub.eps.manchester.ac.uk\/science-engineering\/#\/schema\/person\/693c22478ea174eee97a9f5da4117419","name":"Hayley","url":"https:\/\/www.mub.eps.manchester.ac.uk\/science-engineering\/author\/hayleycox\/"}]}},"jetpack_publicize_connections":[],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"https:\/\/www.mub.eps.manchester.ac.uk\/science-engineering\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/59\/2018\/06\/Volcano-header.jpg","jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"post_mailing_queue_ids":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.mub.eps.manchester.ac.uk\/science-engineering\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1095","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.mub.eps.manchester.ac.uk\/science-engineering\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.mub.eps.manchester.ac.uk\/science-engineering\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.mub.eps.manchester.ac.uk\/science-engineering\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/160"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.mub.eps.manchester.ac.uk\/science-engineering\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1095"}],"version-history":[{"count":5,"href":"https:\/\/www.mub.eps.manchester.ac.uk\/science-engineering\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1095\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":1104,"href":"https:\/\/www.mub.eps.manchester.ac.uk\/science-engineering\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1095\/revisions\/1104"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.mub.eps.manchester.ac.uk\/science-engineering\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/1099"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.mub.eps.manchester.ac.uk\/science-engineering\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1095"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.mub.eps.manchester.ac.uk\/science-engineering\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=1095"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.mub.eps.manchester.ac.uk\/science-engineering\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=1095"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}