{"id":1771,"date":"2019-04-11T11:45:59","date_gmt":"2019-04-11T10:45:59","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.mub.eps.manchester.ac.uk\/science-engineering\/?p=1771"},"modified":"2023-06-21T09:25:54","modified_gmt":"2023-06-21T08:25:54","slug":"on-the-scent-how-one-woman-sniffed-out-parkinsons-diagnosis","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.mub.eps.manchester.ac.uk\/science-engineering\/2019\/04\/11\/on-the-scent-how-one-woman-sniffed-out-parkinsons-diagnosis\/","title":{"rendered":"On the scent: how one woman sniffed out Parkinson\u2019s diagnosis"},"content":{"rendered":"

Today is Parkinson\u2019s Awareness Day – an event to highlight the realities of living with a disease that, it\u2019s estimated, affects one in 500 people in the UK. And yet no one is really sure what the true figure is. This is because there is no definitive test used to diagnose the disease \u2013 but that could soon change.<\/p>\n

Research conducted at The University of Manchester has revealed that people with Parkinson\u2019s produce a higher concentration of certain compounds on their skin \u2013 and the discovery is all thanks to one woman and her extraordinary sense of smell.<\/p>\n

An early diag-nose-is?<\/h3>\n

\"Doctor's<\/p>\n

Right now, Parkinson\u2019s is diagnosed using a combination of a physical examination, a thorough investigation of the patient\u2019s medical history and a discussion about their symptoms. This means that those symptoms are often quite pronounced by the time a patient seeks advice or a doctor is willing to consider Parkinson\u2019s as a probable cause.<\/p>\n

However, there may soon be a way to diagnose a patient far earlier \u2013 even a decade earlier than the current norm. This would mean therapy could be administered much sooner, with the hope of reducing or preventing altogether some of the more serious degeneration the disease prompts. And it all started when Joy Milne noticed her husband smelled different.<\/p>\n

A new scent<\/h3>\n

\"Holding<\/p>\n

Joy\u2019s late husband Les was diagnosed with Parkinson\u2019s disease at the age of 45, although, like many people with Parkinson\u2019s, there had been tell-tale signs for some time before. However, Joy never thought that the unusual \u201cmusky\u201d smell she had started to notice on her husband was linked to his condition.<\/p>\n

Speaking to the BBC, Joy admits that when she first picked up the strange scent, it caused some \u201ccontention\u201d in the marriage, because she thought her husband wasn\u2019t showering or brushing his teeth properly.<\/p>\n

All this was six years before Les was told he had Parkinson\u2019s. Following the diagnosis, the couple started to attend support groups for people with the disease, and it was there she put two and two together. \u201cMy nose just thought \u2018wow\u2019,\u201d she explained.<\/p>\n

Joy\u2019s super smell power was brought to life when she took part in research conducted by The University of Manchester\u2019s School of Chemistry in collaboration with Edinburgh University. By chance, Joy mentioned that the people with Parkinson\u2019s she had come into contact with all had the same scent.<\/p>\n

Prof Perdita Barran, lead author of the study and Professor of Mass Spectrometry at the Manchester Institute of Biotechnology, and her team organised an early test and invited in six subjects with Parkinson\u2019s disease and six control subjects. Joy, who is now an Honorary Lecturer at The University of Manchester, was able to detect the scent on all six of the subjects with Parkinson\u2019s.<\/p>\n

\u201cOne of the test subjects she scored as a low hit as a Parkinson\u2019s sufferer,\u201d Prof Barran notes. \u201cSo that was a false result, an incorrect result, but we thought that this is still a pretty good hit rate. Then, remarkably, about nine months after that, that person who was our control was diagnosed with Parkinson\u2019s.\u201d<\/p>\n

On the scent of a cure?<\/h3>\n
\"Joy
Joy Milne and Prof Perdita Barran<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

While Joy undoubtedly has a keen sense of smell, telling the BBC \u201cI\u2019m in a tiny, tiny branch of the population \u2013 somewhere between a dog and a human\u201d, she isn\u2019t a superhero sniffer (that we know of). This means that Parkinson\u2019s does have its own unique scent \u2013 and working out exactly what it is made up of could help doctors diagnose people with the condition years earlier.<\/p>\n

Prof Barran and her team collected samples from a group of 60 \u2013 half of the subjects had Parkinson\u2019s and half were controls. By analysing the data, they discovered that the subjects with Parkinson\u2019s had higher levels of hippuric acid, eicosane and octadecanal compounds on their skin, indicating altered levels of neurotransmitters. Using this information, the scientists created a model that can be used to diagnose people at far earlier stages of the condition.<\/p>\n

While this isn\u2019t a cure, an earlier diagnosis of Parkinson\u2019s potentially has profound benefits. \u201cThis could have a huge impact not only for earlier and conclusive diagnosis, but also to help patients monitor the effect of therapy. We hope to apply this to at-risk patient groups to see if we can diagnose pre-motor symptoms and assist with potential early treatment,\u201d Prof Barran explains.<\/p>\n

Professor David Dexter, Deputy Director of Research at Parkinson\u2019s UK, adds: \u201cMore research is needed to find out at what stage a skin test could detect Parkinson\u2019s, or whether it also occurs in other Parkinson\u2019s related disorders, but the results so far hold real potential. Both to change the way we diagnose the condition and it may even help in the development of new and better treatments for the 127,000 people living with Parkinson\u2019s in the UK.\u201d<\/p>\n

You can find out more about Joy and the team\u2019s breakthrough in this short film<\/a>.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Be sure to\u00a0<\/em>subscribe on our homepage<\/em><\/a>\u00a0to keep up to date with all the latest posts from The Hub.<\/em><\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/em><\/p>\n

Words \u2013 Hayley Cox<\/em><\/p>\n

Images \u2013 The Telegraph<\/em><\/p>\n

Alex Proimos<\/a><\/em><\/p>\n

Mariano Cuajao<\/a><\/em><\/p>\n

The University of Manchester<\/em><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

This World Parkinson\u2019s Day, we take a look at research carried out at the School of Chemistry, which has the potential to transform Parkinson\u2019s 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