{"id":5151,"date":"2023-01-18T10:27:10","date_gmt":"2023-01-18T10:27:10","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.mub.eps.manchester.ac.uk\/science-engineering\/?p=5151"},"modified":"2023-06-21T09:15:16","modified_gmt":"2023-06-21T08:15:16","slug":"where-do-science-and-engineering-words-come-from-part-i","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.mub.eps.manchester.ac.uk\/science-engineering\/2023\/01\/18\/where-do-science-and-engineering-words-come-from-part-i\/","title":{"rendered":"Where do science and engineering words come from? Part I"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

In between listening to episodes of our own podcast The Buzz<\/a>, we at The Hub like to keep an eye (an ear?) on what other podcasters are up to.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

And while science and engineering are, of course, our favourite subjects, we like to broaden our horizons by learning about other topics too \u2013 which is what drew our attention to popular podcast Something Rhymes with Purple<\/a>, and its dissection of the often surprising, sometimes humorous and always fascinating origins of words and phrases.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

And, in one episode in particular, those linked to university.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

It piqued our interest and got us thinking: where do words related to science and engineering come from?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"A<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

My word!<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Like the word-loving podcast, helmed by lexicographer Susie Dent and broadcaster Gyles Brandreth, we at The University of Manchester also share a love of purple \u2013 it\u2019s our official colour, after all.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

And in their episode \u2018Mortarboard\u2019, the etymology-adoring pair delved into the meanings of words that we happen to know a thing or two about: university life.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Did you know, for example, that the word \u2018university\u2019 can be broken down to the \u2018whole\u2019, to \u2018varsity\u2019 and to the \u2018seat\u2019 of learning; or that \u2018academia\u2019 dates back to Ancient Greece and was the name \u2013 The Academia \u2013 of where Plato taught?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Or, on a perhaps slightly bawdier note, that \u2018education\u2019 and \u2018seduction\u2019 are linked because both refer to \u2018leading\u2019 someone; or that \u2018seminar\u2019 is a relative of \u2018semen\u2019, as both are linked to sowing \u2018seeds\u2019? And if you ever attend a \u2018symposium\u2019 at the University, it may amuse you to know that in Ancient Greek the word referred to a \u2018drinking party\u2019!<\/p>\n\n\n\n

A word to the wise<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

While our colleagues in the Faculty of Humanities<\/a> are the University\u2019s real wordsmiths, we thought it would be fun to pick up the purple baton and see what we could find out about the words most associated with our own Faculty \u2013 of science and engineering (FSE).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

So, here\u2019s part one of our fun, hopefully informative, but by no means authoritative(!), run-through of words linked to FSE\u2026<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"Science<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Where, then, does the word \u2018science\u2019 come from? Well, it has roots in the Latin word \u2018scientia\u2019, which means knowledge, a knowing, expertness or experience, an observation and understanding of phenomena taking place around us. It also derives from Old French, relating \u2013 again \u2013 to knowledge, to learning and application.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

And \u2018engineering\u2019? This can also be traced back to Latin, and the words \u2018ingenium\u2019 (cleverness) and \u2018ingeniare\u2019 (to contrive or devise). It also has links to the word \u2018gene\u2019, to create, invent or bring forth, and \u2018engender\u2019, to produce, manufacture or bring into being. Other related words include \u2018ingenuity\u2019, which means inventiveness, and \u2013 of course \u2013 \u2018engine\u2019, referring more specifically to machines.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Super! What, then, about the names of our Departments?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In our element<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

\u2018Chemistry<\/a>\u2019 is a particularly interesting \u2013 and somewhat debated \u2013 one.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

It is thought to date back to either Ancient Greece or Ancient Egypt. There are possible associations with the Greek word \u2018kh\u0113meia\u2019, which means to cast or pour together, and the word \u2018Kemet\u2019, the ancient name of Egypt in the Egyptian language. \u2018Kemet\u2019 translates as the \u2018Black Land\u2019, with \u2018kem\u2019 meaning \u2018black\u2019 and describing the colour of the fertile soil found in the flood plains around the famous Nile River.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The word \u2018chemistry\u2019 as we know it today comes from a modification, during the Renaissance period, of the word \u2018alchemy\u2019. This word is derived from the Arabian phrase \u2018al-kimia\u2019, which \u2013 again \u2013 may have Egyptian origins. While alchemists are perhaps best known for their attempts to turn lead and other base metals into gold, their other aims included the discovery of the medium of eternal youth and health, and finding the \u2018Stone of Knowledge\u2019 or \u2018Philosopher\u2019s Stone\u2019 (yep, like in Harry Potter!).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Unsurprisingly, the etymologies of \u2018chemical\u2019 (chemical engineering<\/a>) and \u2018chemistry\u2019 are closely aligned, with the first recorded use of the former in English dating back to the 1500s.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

OK computer<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

\u2018Computer\u2019, as in computer science<\/a>, is equally fascinating.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

It comes from the Latin \u2018putare\u2019, which means to reckon with, to think or to prune \u2013 as you might tidy or improve by removing as unnecessary when pruning a plant. But while today we think only of computers as machines \u2013 and would struggle to imagine life without them \u2013 it wasn\u2019t so long ago that a computer actually referred to a person.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

A computer was somebody who made calculations or computations as part of their job, for example in surveying or while working in an observatory, and dates back as far as the 1600s. Companies and government departments even advertised jobs as \u2018computers\u2019 up until around the middle of the 20th century, when computing developed into what we recognise today \u2013 helped, of course, by the pioneering work of computer scientists at Manchester<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"A<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

What on Earth?<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

\u2018Earth\u2019 (Earth and environmental sciences<\/a>) is clearly a very important word in the English language \u2013 it refers, of course, not only to the ground on which we walk, but also the name of our planet.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

It has links to the words \u2018erda\u2019 in Anglo-Saxon and its Germanic equivalent \u2018erde\u2019, meaning \u2018ground\u2019 or ‘soil\u2019, and \u2018ertha\u2019 \u2013 related to where we sow our crops, from where life emerges, and even to our ancestors, buried in the ground long ago.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Interesting associated words include the Greek root word \u2018ge\u2019, which is commonly used in the English prefix \u2018geo-\u2019. You\u2019ll recognise it from subject-related words such as \u2018geography\u2019, \u2018geology\u2019 and \u2018geometry\u2019; while the Latin word \u2018terra\u2019 means \u2018land\u2019, and forms part of the modern-day words \u2018subterranean\u2019, \u2018terrain\u2019 and \u2018extraterrestrial\u2019.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Speaking of extraterrestrials, it\u2019s intriguing to note that Earth is the only planet in our Solar System that isn\u2019t named after a Greco-Roman deity. Take, for example, Jupiter, the biggest planet and named for the king of the ancient Roman gods, or Venus, named after the Roman goddess of love and beauty (and, notably, the only planet named after a female god).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u2018Environmental\u2019, meanwhile, dates back to the Old French word \u2018environ\u2019, with \u2018environment\u2019 first used in the early 1600s. It refers to terms such as \u2018surrounding\u2019 and \u2018enclosing\u2019, and means the things that \u2018environ\u2019 us \u2013 for instance the \u2018university environment\u2019, or more broadly, Earth as a whole, including the air, animals and more.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The last word<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

So, there we have the words associated with our Department names for Chemistry, Chemical Engineering, Computer Science, and Earth and Environmental Sciences.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

We\u2019ll be back soon for part two, running with the purple baton as we turn our attention to Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Materials, Mathematics, Mechanical, Aerospace and Civil Engineering, and Physics and Astronomy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

You have our word\u2026<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Words: Joe Shervin
Images: The University of Manchester, Shutterstock<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Be sure to subscribe on our homepage<\/a> to keep up to date with all the latest posts from The Hub.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Discover the fascinating and surprising etymology of some of the words and phrases most associated with the Faculty of Science and Engineering.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":202,"featured_media":5156,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_genesis_hide_title":false,"_genesis_hide_breadcrumbs":false,"_genesis_hide_singular_image":false,"_genesis_hide_footer_widgets":false,"_genesis_custom_body_class":"","_genesis_custom_post_class":"","_genesis_layout":"","jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_publicize_message":"","jetpack_publicize_feature_enabled":true,"jetpack_social_post_already_shared":true,"jetpack_social_options":{"image_generator_settings":{"template":"highway","default_image_id":0,"font":"","enabled":false},"version":2}},"categories":[212,213],"tags":[262,22,77,215],"class_list":{"0":"post-5151","1":"post","2":"type-post","3":"status-publish","4":"format-standard","5":"has-post-thumbnail","7":"category-heritage","8":"category-uom-life","9":"tag-chemical-engineering-and-analytical-science","10":"tag-chemistry","11":"tag-computer-science","12":"tag-earth-and-environmental-sciences","13":"entry"},"yoast_head":"\nWhere do science and engineering words come from? 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