{"id":5367,"date":"2023-04-13T10:11:23","date_gmt":"2023-04-13T09:11:23","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.mub.eps.manchester.ac.uk\/science-engineering\/?p=5367"},"modified":"2023-06-21T09:15:15","modified_gmt":"2023-06-21T08:15:15","slug":"make-it-so-creating-super-strength-concrete-from-mars-dust-potatoes-and-salt","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.mub.eps.manchester.ac.uk\/science-engineering\/2023\/04\/13\/make-it-so-creating-super-strength-concrete-from-mars-dust-potatoes-and-salt\/","title":{"rendered":"\u2018Make it so\u2019 \u2013 creating super-strength concrete from Mars dust, potatoes and salt"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p>From Star Trek to StarCrete\u2026<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u2018Make it so\u2019 might have been a favourite catchphrase of Captain Picard on the hugely popular sci-fi show \u2013 but it could equally be a motto for the creative team of Manchester scientists also boldly going where no-one has gone before.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Or, should we say, building what nobody has built before?<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>For the team, which previously highlighted <a href=\"https:\/\/www.mub.eps.manchester.ac.uk\/science-engineering\/2021\/10\/07\/blood-from-a-stone-no-but-it-could-make-bricks-on-mars\/\">the potential in astronaut blood, sweat and tears for developing concrete-like material<\/a>, is back with a new formula for an even stronger \u2018cosmic concrete\u2019: <a href=\"https:\/\/www.manchester.ac.uk\/discover\/news\/scientists-develop-a-cosmic-concrete-that-is-twice-as-strong-as-regular-concrete\/\">extra-terrestrial dust, potato starch, and a pinch of salt<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"774\" height=\"400\" src=\"https:\/\/www.mub.eps.manchester.ac.uk\/science-engineering\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/59\/2023\/04\/StarCrete-774x400-1.jpg\" alt=\"A hand holds blocks of StarCrete.\" class=\"wp-image-5371\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.mub.eps.manchester.ac.uk\/science-engineering\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/59\/2023\/04\/StarCrete-774x400-1.jpg 774w, https:\/\/www.mub.eps.manchester.ac.uk\/science-engineering\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/59\/2023\/04\/StarCrete-774x400-1-300x155.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.mub.eps.manchester.ac.uk\/science-engineering\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/59\/2023\/04\/StarCrete-774x400-1-768x397.jpg 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 774px) 100vw, 774px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Star quality<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>\u201cSince we will be producing starch as food for astronauts, it made sense to look at that as a binding agent rather than human blood,\u201d explains Dr Aled Roberts, Research Fellow at the Future Biomanufacturing Research Hub, The University of Manchester and lead researcher for the project.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The new material has been dubbed \u2018StarCrete\u2019 \u2013 and is twice as strong as ordinary concrete.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u201cCurrent building technologies still need many years of development and require considerable energy and additional heavy processing equipment, which all adds cost and complexity to a mission. StarCrete doesn\u2019t need any of this and so it simplifies the mission and makes it cheaper and more feasible,\u201d Dr Roberts continues.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u201cAnd anyway, astronauts probably don\u2019t want to be living in houses made from scabs and urine!\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">(Concrete) beam me up, Scotty<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Published in the journal <em><a href=\"https:\/\/www.degruyter.com\/document\/doi\/10.1515\/eng-2022-0390\/html\">Open Engineering<\/a><\/em>, the stellar findings demonstrate that ordinary potato starch, when mixed with simulated Mars dust, can act as a binder to produce a concrete-like material.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>And, when tested, it was found that StarCrete has a compressive strength of a mighty 72 megapascals (MPa) \u2013 more than twice as strong as the 32 MPa of ordinary concrete \u2013 and StarCrete made from moon dust came in even higher, at over 91 MPa.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>While the material produced in the previous study also boasted a stronger-than-normal concrete MPa (of 40), the regular requirement of blood and urine might be considered a particular drawback \u2013 especially to those providing it!<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>A switch to dehydrated potatoes (crisps) however, sounds much more tempting to us\u2026<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"774\" height=\"546\" src=\"https:\/\/www.mub.eps.manchester.ac.uk\/science-engineering\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/59\/2023\/04\/Aled-StarCrete-cropped.jpg\" alt=\"Dr Aled Roberts stands behind different brick samples.\" class=\"wp-image-5372\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.mub.eps.manchester.ac.uk\/science-engineering\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/59\/2023\/04\/Aled-StarCrete-cropped.jpg 774w, https:\/\/www.mub.eps.manchester.ac.uk\/science-engineering\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/59\/2023\/04\/Aled-StarCrete-cropped-300x212.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.mub.eps.manchester.ac.uk\/science-engineering\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/59\/2023\/04\/Aled-StarCrete-cropped-768x542.jpg 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 774px) 100vw, 774px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Klingon to those tears<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Indeed, the research showed that a 25 kg sack of crisps would contain enough starch to make almost half a tonne of StarCrete \u2013 producing around 213 bricks.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Scientists also found the material could be strengthened further by using the common salt magnesium chloride. This salt could be obtained either from the surface of Mars or \u2013 to return, once more, to bodily fluids \u2013 from astronaut tears.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>But if the eye-watering logistics of building colonies on Mars are difficult to grasp, the researchers also foresee StarCrete bringing measurable benefits to life here on Earth.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>At present, around 8% of global CO2 emissions are caused by the production of cement and concrete, with great temperatures and vast amounts of energy required.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Production of StarCrete, however, needs much less.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>In fact, it can be made at the temperatures we use for baking at home, in our everyday ovens and kitchen microwaves. It would mean a significant reduction in energy costs and \u2013 importantly \u2013 a vital contribution to a greener future.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>A future in which we can all \u2018live long and prosper\u2019\u2026<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>If you enjoyed this post, be sure to <a href=\"https:\/\/www.mub.eps.manchester.ac.uk\/science-engineering\/\">subscribe on our homepage<\/a> to keep up to date with the latest posts from The Hub.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><em>Words: Joe Shervin<br>Images: The University of Manchester, Shutterstock<\/em><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Discover the &#8216;cosmic concrete&#8217; that Manchester scientists believe might, one day, enable humans to build a colony on Mars \u2013 and aid the climate fight on Earth.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":202,"featured_media":5368,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_genesis_hide_title":false,"_genesis_hide_breadcrumbs":false,"_genesis_hide_singular_image":false,"_genesis_hide_footer_widgets":false,"_genesis_custom_body_class":"","_genesis_custom_post_class":"","_genesis_layout":"","jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_publicize_message":"","jetpack_publicize_feature_enabled":true,"jetpack_social_post_already_shared":true,"jetpack_social_options":{"image_generator_settings":{"template":"highway","default_image_id":0,"font":"","enabled":false},"version":2}},"categories":[211],"tags":[22,130,137],"class_list":{"0":"post-5367","1":"post","2":"type-post","3":"status-publish","4":"format-standard","5":"has-post-thumbnail","7":"category-research-impact-and-institutes","8":"tag-chemistry","9":"tag-materials","10":"tag-space","11":"entry"},"yoast_head":"<!-- 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